Education is serious business. It is fundamental to the continuing development of a citizenry that drives Canada’s global competitiveness and social and economic prosperity. Recognizing this importance, Ontarians have, over the past two decades, called for standardized testing as a means of ensuring accountability for education results. In some circles, this accountability measure has become controversial, as stakeholders – and the public as a whole – are polarized as to whether standardized testing is an appropriate way of evaluating students and the overall quality and effectiveness of the education system in light of its objectives and curriculum. The following report includes an analysis of the current situation in Ontario and recommendations for a comprehensive review of standardized testing. Lessons learned and insights gained from this review could inform consideration of similar questions across Canada.